See perḱ- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*perḱ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸerkos",
"t": "perch, salmon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos (“perch, salmon”)\nProto-Brythonic: *erx\nMiddle Welsh: erch\nWelsh: (obsolete) erch\nPrimitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (erca)\nMiddle Irish: erc (“speckled; speckled animal”)\nIrish: earc (“lizard”)\nScottish Gaelic: earc (“speckled animal”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos (“perch, salmon”)\nProto-Brythonic: *erx\nMiddle Welsh: erch\nWelsh: (obsolete) erch\nPrimitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (erca)\nMiddle Irish: erc (“speckled; speckled animal”)\nIrish: earc (“lizard”)\nScottish Gaelic: earc (“speckled animal”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*perkós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *perkós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *perkós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*περκός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρκη",
"der": "1",
"t": "perch"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: perca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: perca (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρκος",
"der": "1",
"t": "type of hawk"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκος (pérkos, “type of hawk”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκος (pérkos, “type of hawk”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκαίνω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκαίνω (perkaínō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκαίνω (perkaínō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκάς",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάς (perkás)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάς (perkás)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκάζω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάζω (perkázō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάζω (perkázō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκόομαι",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκόομαι (perkóomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκόομαι (perkóomai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérḱ-ont-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-n̥t-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥ćáns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćáns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćáns ~ *pr̥ćatás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥śáns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śáns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śáns ~ *pr̥śatás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृशत्",
"t": "spotted, speckled; spotted antelope, spotted doe",
"tr": "pr̥śat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पृशत् (pr̥śat, “spotted, speckled; spotted antelope, spotted doe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पृशत् (pr̥śat, “spotted, speckled; spotted antelope, spotted doe”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérḱ-u-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-éw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *porḱw-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farwaz",
"t": "colored, colorful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (“colored, colorful”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (“colored, colorful”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farwō",
"der": "1",
"t": "colour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *farwō (“colour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *farwō (“colour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pṓrḱ-s ~ *perḱ-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pṓrx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pṓrx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pṓrx"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόξ",
"alts": "1",
"t": "roe deer"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρόξ (próx, “roe deer”), προκᾰ́ς (prokás)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρόξ (próx, “roe deer”), προκᾰ́ς (prokás)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρώξ",
"t": "dewdrop"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρώξ (prṓx, “dewdrop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρώξ (prṓx, “dewdrop”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥ḱ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prəknós",
"3": "*perknós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prəknós, *perknós",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "secondary full-grade"
},
"expansion": "(secondary full-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prəknós, *perknós (secondary full-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκνός",
"t": "dark, having dark spots"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περκνός (perknós, “dark, having dark spots”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περκνός (perknós, “dark, having dark spots”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρακνόν",
"pos": "acc.sg.m.",
"t": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρακνόν (praknón, “dark”, acc.sg.m.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρακνόν (praknón, “dark”, acc.sg.m.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*prikna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *prikna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *prikna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*priknjā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *priknjā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *priknjā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "*prënjë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: *prënjë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: *prënjë"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prënjkë",
"der": "1",
"t": "freckle, sunspot"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: prënjkë (“freckle, sunspot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: prënjkë (“freckle, sunspot”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pr̥ḱn-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhnō",
"t": "trout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furhnō (“trout”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furhnō (“trout”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pŕ̥ḱn-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥ćniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥śniṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृश्नि",
"t": "colorful, spotted",
"tr": "pṛ́śni"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पृश्नि (pṛ́śni, “colorful, spotted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पृश्नि (pṛ́śni, “colorful, spotted”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥cniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pŕ̥cniš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pŕ̥cniš"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "plš",
"gloss": "spotted, speckled",
"tr": "parš"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: plš (parš, “spotted, speckled”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: plš (parš, “spotted, speckled”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "برجی",
"tr": "barji"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: برجی (barji)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: برجی (barji)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥ḱ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*porkros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *porkros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *porkros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "polcher",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Latin: polcher",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dissimilated from *porcer",
"2": "but disputed"
},
"expansion": "(dissimilated from *porcer, but disputed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Latin: polcher (dissimilated from *porcer, but disputed)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pulcher",
"t": "beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pulcher (“beautiful”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pulcher (“beautiful”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"colored"
],
"id": "en-perḱ--ine-pro-root-yoxSKvCg",
"links": [
[
"colored",
"colored"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"speckled"
],
"id": "en-perḱ--ine-pro-root-EQka6z-F",
"links": [
[
"speckled",
"speckled"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "perḱ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*perḱ-ō~*pr̥ḱ-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferhô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferhô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferhô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*feri"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *feri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *feri"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fere",
"t": "ridge between two furrows"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fere (“ridge between two furrows”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fere (“ridge between two furrows”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pórḱ-ono-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*párćānas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*párśānas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párśānas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párśānas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्शान",
"t": "chasm",
"tr": "párśāna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pórḱ-o-s (“piglet”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥ḱ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸrikā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*enterɸrikā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "etarche"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: etarche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: etarche"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*porkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *porkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *porkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "porca"
},
"expansion": "Latin: porca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: porca (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furhs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furhs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "prapar̃šas",
"t": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 7 93 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 98 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 96 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 96 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to open, rip up"
],
"id": "en-perḱ--ine-pro-root-l8SX-U6H",
"links": [
[
"open",
"open"
],
[
"rip up",
"rip up"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"id": "en-perḱ--ine-pro-root-Dmbqc2e4",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "perḱ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*perḱ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸerkos",
"t": "perch, salmon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos (“perch, salmon”)\nProto-Brythonic: *erx\nMiddle Welsh: erch\nWelsh: (obsolete) erch\nPrimitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (erca)\nMiddle Irish: erc (“speckled; speckled animal”)\nIrish: earc (“lizard”)\nScottish Gaelic: earc (“speckled animal”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos (“perch, salmon”)\nProto-Brythonic: *erx\nMiddle Welsh: erch\nWelsh: (obsolete) erch\nPrimitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (erca)\nMiddle Irish: erc (“speckled; speckled animal”)\nIrish: earc (“lizard”)\nScottish Gaelic: earc (“speckled animal”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*perkós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *perkós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *perkós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*περκός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρκη",
"der": "1",
"t": "perch"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκη (pérkē, “perch”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: perca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: perca (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρκος",
"der": "1",
"t": "type of hawk"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκος (pérkos, “type of hawk”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πέρκος (pérkos, “type of hawk”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκαίνω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκαίνω (perkaínō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκαίνω (perkaínō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκάς",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάς (perkás)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάς (perkás)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκάζω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάζω (perkázō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάζω (perkázō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκόομαι",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκόομαι (perkóomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: περκόομαι (perkóomai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérḱ-ont-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-n̥t-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥ćáns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćáns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćáns ~ *pr̥ćatás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥śáns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śáns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śáns ~ *pr̥śatás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृशत्",
"t": "spotted, speckled; spotted antelope, spotted doe",
"tr": "pr̥śat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पृशत् (pr̥śat, “spotted, speckled; spotted antelope, spotted doe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पृशत् (pr̥śat, “spotted, speckled; spotted antelope, spotted doe”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérḱ-u-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-éw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *porḱw-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farwaz",
"t": "colored, colorful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (“colored, colorful”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (“colored, colorful”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farwō",
"der": "1",
"t": "colour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *farwō (“colour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *farwō (“colour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pṓrḱ-s ~ *perḱ-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pṓrx"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pṓrx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pṓrx"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρόξ",
"alts": "1",
"t": "roe deer"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρόξ (próx, “roe deer”), προκᾰ́ς (prokás)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρόξ (próx, “roe deer”), προκᾰ́ς (prokás)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρώξ",
"t": "dewdrop"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρώξ (prṓx, “dewdrop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρώξ (prṓx, “dewdrop”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥ḱ-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prəknós",
"3": "*perknós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prəknós, *perknós",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "secondary full-grade"
},
"expansion": "(secondary full-grade)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prəknós, *perknós (secondary full-grade)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περκνός",
"t": "dark, having dark spots"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περκνός (perknós, “dark, having dark spots”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περκνός (perknós, “dark, having dark spots”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρακνόν",
"pos": "acc.sg.m.",
"t": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρακνόν (praknón, “dark”, acc.sg.m.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρακνόν (praknón, “dark”, acc.sg.m.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*prikna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *prikna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *prikna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*priknjā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *priknjā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *priknjā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "*prënjë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: *prënjë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: *prënjë"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prënjkë",
"der": "1",
"t": "freckle, sunspot"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: prënjkë (“freckle, sunspot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: prënjkë (“freckle, sunspot”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pr̥ḱn-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhnō",
"t": "trout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furhnō (“trout”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furhnō (“trout”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pŕ̥ḱn-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥ćniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥śniṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृश्नि",
"t": "colorful, spotted",
"tr": "pṛ́śni"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पृश्नि (pṛ́śni, “colorful, spotted”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पृश्नि (pṛ́śni, “colorful, spotted”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pŕ̥cniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pŕ̥cniš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pŕ̥cniš"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "plš",
"gloss": "spotted, speckled",
"tr": "parš"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: plš (parš, “spotted, speckled”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: plš (parš, “spotted, speckled”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "برجی",
"tr": "barji"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: برجی (barji)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: برجی (barji)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥ḱ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*porkros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *porkros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *porkros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "polcher",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Latin: polcher",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dissimilated from *porcer",
"2": "but disputed"
},
"expansion": "(dissimilated from *porcer, but disputed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Latin: polcher (dissimilated from *porcer, but disputed)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pulcher",
"t": "beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pulcher (“beautiful”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pulcher (“beautiful”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"colored"
],
"links": [
[
"colored",
"colored"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"speckled"
],
"links": [
[
"speckled",
"speckled"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "perḱ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*perḱ-ō~*pr̥ḱ-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferhô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferhô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferhô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*feri"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *feri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *feri"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fere",
"t": "ridge between two furrows"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fere (“ridge between two furrows”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fere (“ridge between two furrows”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pórḱ-ono-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*párćānas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*párśānas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párśānas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párśānas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्शान",
"t": "chasm",
"tr": "párśāna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pórḱ-o-s (“piglet”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥ḱ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸrikā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*enterɸrikā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "etarche"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: etarche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: etarche"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*porkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *porkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *porkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "porca"
},
"expansion": "Latin: porca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: porca (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furhs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furhs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "prapar̃šas",
"t": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to open, rip up"
],
"links": [
[
"open",
"open"
],
[
"rip up",
"rip up"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "perḱ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perḱ- meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.